THE RECORD
What changed
The Akkadian dynasty dominated Mesopotamian city-states and extended its reach. Its kings presented themselves as universal rulers and relied on governors and military power.
EVIDENCE
What remains
Royal inscriptions, administrative tablets, seals and the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin record conquest and rulership. The capital Akkad has not been securely located.
WHY IT MATTERS
Why it matters
The challenge of governing different cities under one dynasty came to the fore. Empire reproduced the king's image as well as territorial control.
OPEN QUESTION
Where interpretation begins
Calling Akkad the first empire depends on definitions and earlier hegemonies. Climate stress, revolt and political fragmentation all figure in accounts of its collapse.