THE RECORD
What changed
In Lydia and Greek cities of western Anatolia, electrum coins made from a natural gold-silver alloy entered use. Standard weights and stamps expressed issuing authority in exchange and payment.
EVIDENCE
What remains
Lion-stamped electrum coins from Sardis, Ephesus and elsewhere, together with metal analysis and archaeological context, trace early minting and circulation.
WHY IT MATTERS
Why it matters
A coin was not merely metal containing value but an institution that asked who guaranteed weight and purity. It changed taxation, pay and market exchange.
OPEN QUESTION
Where interpretation begins
The first coin cannot be securely assigned to one king or year. Trade, state payments and ritual dedication compete as explanations for early use.