THE RECORD
What changed
After release of the viral genome, multiple platforms advanced and mRNA vaccines received emergency authorization in late 2020.
EVIDENCE
What remains
Trials, surveillance, genomes and cold-chain records track efficacy, safety and variants.
WHY IT MATTERS
Why it matters
It changed vaccine timelines and validated mRNA platforms, while inequity and misinformation weakened response.
OPEN QUESTION
Where interpretation begins
It was not invented in one year; prior science and public funding mattered, and vaccines do not block all infection.