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ERA 05 · OCEANS & SCIENCE

13 / 15 · 1776

1776 — two texts of independence and markets

The Declaration of Independence and Smith's Wealth of Nations framed political self-rule and commercial society in different languages.
American independenceWealth of Nations1776

THE RECORD

What changed

Thirteen colonies invoked natural rights and consent; Smith analyzed division of labour, exchange, institutions and wealth.

EVIDENCE

What remains

The Declaration, drafts, first editions, correspondence and legislative records preserve text and context.

WHY IT MATTERS

Why it matters

Their vocabularies of statehood and markets were reinterpreted worldwide.

OPEN QUESTION

Where interpretation begins

Liberty coexisted with slavery and dispossession, and Smith should not be reduced to unlimited laissez-faire.

SOURCE REGISTER

Read from the evidence

U.S. National Archives · Declaration ↗Adam Smith Works · Wealth of Nations ↗