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ERA 05 · OCEANS & SCIENCE

14 / 15 · From 1789

The French Revolution — from subjects to citizens

The crisis of the old regime radically changed sovereignty, rights, class and the state.
French Revolutioncitizenshiprights

THE RECORD

What changed

The Estates-General, Bastille, abolition of privilege and Declaration of Rights were followed by republic, Terror and war.

EVIDENCE

What remains

Assembly records, newspapers, pamphlets, petitions, trials and objects document mass politics.

WHY IT MATTERS

Why it matters

It spread citizenship, national sovereignty and legal equality while also producing war, empire and exclusion.

OPEN QUESTION

Where interpretation begins

A single bourgeois-revolution model cannot contain peasants, women, enslaved people or colonial revolution.

SOURCE REGISTER

Read from the evidence

French National Archives · Declaration of Rights ↗